Debian 12.7安装lnmp环境

一、lnmp简介

LNMP代表的就是：Linux系统下Nginx+Mariadb(Mariadb)+PHP这种网站服务器架构。

Linux是一类Unix计算机操作系统的统称，是目前最流行的免费操作系统。代表版本有：debian、centos、debian、fedora、gentoo等。

Nginx (engine x) 是一个高性能的HTTP和反向代理web服务器，同时也提供了IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务。Nginx是由伊戈尔·赛索耶夫为俄罗斯访问量第二的Rambler.ru站点（俄文：Рамблер）开发。

Mariadb是一个关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典 Mariadb AB 公司开发，属于 Oracle 旗下产品。Mariadb是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统之一，在 WEB 应用方面，Mariadb是最好的RDBMS (Relational Database Management System，关系数据库管理系统)应用软件之一。

MariaDB数据库管理系统是Mariadb的一个分支，主要由开源社区在维护，采用GPL授权许可 MariaDB的目的是完全兼容Mariadb，包括API和命令行，使之能轻松成为Mariadb的代替品。在存储引擎方面，使用XtraDB来代替Mariadb的InnoDB。 MariaDB由Mariadb的创始人Michael Widenius主导开发，MariaDB名称来自Michael Widenius的女儿Maria的名字。

PHP（Hypertext Preprocessor）是一种广泛使用的开源服务器端脚本语言，尤其适用于Web开发。它最初由Rasmus Lerdorf于1994年创建，旨在简化网页开发过程。PHP可以嵌入到HTML中，并与多种数据库集成，最常用的是Mariadb。其灵活性、易学性和强大的社区支持使得PHP成为开发动态网页和Web应用程序的首选语言之一。PHP代码在服务器上执行，生成的HTML发送到客户端，从而实现网页的动态交互。它广泛应用于各种Web开发项目，包括内容管理系统、电子商务平台和社交媒体网站。

这四种软件均为免费开源软件，组合到一起，成为一个免费、高效、扩展性强的网站服务系统。

二、Debian 12.7安装lnmp

1、安装Nginx

1）安装Nginx

root@debian:~# apt -y update

root@debian:~# apt -y install nginx

2）访问Nginx

3）Nginx默认地址和配置

/etc/nginx/nginx.conf          # Yum安装Nginx默认主配置文件

/usr/share/nginx/html        # Nginx默认存放目录

/usr/share/nginx/html/index.html        # Nginx默认主页路径

4）常用基本操作

1、启动Nginx

root@debian:~# systemctl start nginx

2、停止Nginx

root@debian:~# systemctl stop nginx

3、重载Nginx

root@debian:~# systemctl reload nginx

4、重启Nginx

root@debian:~# systemctl restart nginx

5、查询Nginx运行状态

root@debian:~# systemctl status nginx

6、查询Nginx进程

root@debian:~# ps -ef |grep nginx

7、查询Nginx监听端口

root@debian:~# netstat -lntup |grep nginx

8、卸载Nginx

root@debian:~# apt -y --purge autoremove nginx

2、安装Mariadb

1）安装Mariadb

root@debian:~# apt -y install mariadb-server

2）登录Mariadb

root@debian:~# mysql

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 31

Server version: 10.11.6-MariaDB-0+deb12u1 Debian 12

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 

MariaDB [(none)]> select version();

+---------------------------+

| version()                    |

+---------------------------+

| 10.11.6-MariaDB-0+deb12u1 |

+---------------------------+

1 row in set (0.000 sec)

3）配置Mariadb

root@debian:~# sed -i 's/#user/user/' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i 's/#datadir/datadir/' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i 's/#tmpdir/tmpdir/' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i '/bind-address/s/127.0.0.1/0.0.0.0/g' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i -e '/max_connections/s/#//' -e '/max_connections/s/100/1000/' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i -e '/general_log/s/#//g' -e '/general_log/s/mysql.log/general.log/' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i -e '/log_error/s/#//g' -e '/log_error/s/error.log/mariadb.log/' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i '/server-id/s/#//' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i '/log_bin/s/#//' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i -e '/max_binlog_size/s/#/' -e '/max_binlog_size/s/100M/512M/' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i '/log_slow_query/s/#//g' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

root@debian:~# sed -i '/skip-external-locking/ilower_case_table_names = 1' /etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf

4）重启Mariadb

root@debian:~# systemctl restart mariadb

root@debian:~# systemctl status mariadb

5）配置root密码

root@debian:~# mysql -u root 2>/dev/null -e "ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'G7#Wv8eDQbwdEBCL';"

root@debian:~# mysql -uroot -pG7#Wv8eDQbwdEBCL

Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MariaDB connection id is 34

Server version: 10.11.6-MariaDB-0+deb12u1-log Debian 12

 

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

 

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

 

MariaDB [(none)]>

3、安装PHP

1）安装PHP

root@debian:~# apt -y install php-fpm php-mysql php-redis

2）配置PHP

root@debian:~# cp /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf{,_bak}

root@debian:~# sed -i 's/^listen = .*/listen = 0.0.0.0:9000/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

root@debian:~# sed -i -e "/pm.max_requests/s/;//" -e '/pm.max_requests/s/500/3000/' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

root@debian:~# sed -i '/pm.status_listen/s/;//' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

root@debian:~# sed -i '/pm.status_path/s/;//' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

root@debian:~# sed -i 's/www-data/nginx/g' /etc/php/8.2/fpm/pool.d/www.conf

root@debian:~# useradd -s /sbin/nologin nginx

3）重启PHP-FPM

root@debian:~# systemctl restart php8.2-fpm.service

root@debian:~# systemctl status php8.2-fpm.service

4、整合lnmp

1）配置Nginx

root@debian:~# vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

    user nginx nginx;
    worker_processes auto;
    pid /var/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    use epoll;
    worker_connections 10240;
    multi_accept on;
    }
http {
    include mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;
    log_format json escape=json
                    '{"访问者IP":"$remote_addr",'
                    '"访问时间":"$time_iso8601",'
                    '"访问页面":"$uri",'
                    '"请求返回时间":"$request_time/S",'
                    '"请求方法类型":"$request_method",'
                    '"请求状态":"$status",'
                    '"请求体大小":"$body_bytes_sent/B",'
                    '"访问者搭载的系统配置和软件类型":"$http_user_agent",'
                    '"虚拟服务器IP":"$server_addr"}';
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log json;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    keepalive_timeout 120;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    server_tokens off;
    gzip on;
    gzip_min_length 1k;
    gzip_buffers 4 64k;
    gzip_http_version 1.1;
    gzip_comp_level 4;
    gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
    gzip_vary on;
    client_max_body_size 512m;
    client_body_buffer_size 128k;
    proxy_connect_timeout 90;
    proxy_send_timeout 90;
    proxy_buffer_size 4k;
    proxy_buffers 4 32k;
    proxy_busy_buffers_size 64k;
    large_client_header_buffers 4 4k;
    client_header_buffer_size 4k;
    open_file_cache_valid 30s;
    open_file_cache_min_uses 1;
include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
}

# 创建引用目录

root@debian:~# mkdir -p /etc/nginx/conf.d

# 创建默认配置文件

root@debian:~# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name localhost;
    access_log /var/log/nginx/access_default.log json;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error_default.log warn;
    location / {
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    index index.php index.html index.htm;
    }
    location ~* .php$ {
    root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    fastcgi_connect_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_send_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_read_timeout 300s;
    fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;
    fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;
    fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;
    fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k;
    fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index index.php;
    fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
    include fastcgi_params;
    }
}

# 创建PHP测试页

root@debian:~# vim /usr/share/nginx/html/index.php

<?php
    phpinfo();
?>

 2）重启Nginx

root@debian:~# nginx -t

nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok

nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful

root@debian:~# systemctl restart nginx

root@debian:~# systemctl status nginx

3）访问Nginx